科学の標準語は英語である。科学の英語表現のうち、数字、数式、倍数、表・図の構成の表現はプレゼンテーション、説明、議論における話し言葉の基礎である。

 

1)数字と数式の読み方1

 1   103   106   109   1012   104   103          106     109     1012     104
thousand  million  billion  trillion  ten thousand
 
 2  小数         Decimal    3.45  three point four five
 3  分数         Fraction                                                                                     
a half,  one half       a third     two thirds    three tenths      one and a half    three fourths
 4  足し算 Addition  12 + 5 = 17  ・Twelve plus five equals seventeen.
 ・Twelve plus five makes seventeen.   
 ・The sum (total) of 12 and 5 is 17.
 5  引き算 Subtraction  12  ー 5 = 17  ・Twelve minus five equals (is) seven.
 ・Subtract 5 from 12, the answer is (yields) 7.
 6    98 ー 7 + 2 =?   ・Subtract 7 from 98 and add 2 wht is the result?
 7  掛け算 Multiplication  20 x 3 = 60   ・Twenty multiplied by 3 equals 60.
  ・Twenty times 3 is 60.
  ・Multiply 20 by 3 to get 60.
 8  割り算 Division  20   ÷  4 = 5    ・20 divided by equals (is, makes, gives) 5.   
 9    20 ÷ 2= 10
 21 ÷ 3 = 7
  ・Half of 20 gives 10.
  ・One-third of 21 is 7.
 10    x2      x10     x2:  two fold,  two times,  power of two,  double
   x10: ten-fold,  ten times,  power of ten
 11  ルート    Root                                                
 square root of a      cube root of a       n-th root of a
 12  べき乗  Exponent    x2   x3   x4    x2                    x3                  x4   
  x squared        x cubed         x to the fourth [x (raised) to the fourth (power)]
 13       x-2       x1/3      x-2                                           x1/3
 x to the minus two (power)        x to the one-third (power)
 14        100       10x      100                                10x
ten to the zero power       ten to the x-th power
 15  丸め       Rounding  20 ÷ 2.2 = 9.09 → 9.1  Twenty diveded by two point two is nine point zero nine; it is nine point one when rounding (off).
 16  方程式    Equations     kx i     = ∫ x dm  k times x sub i equals the integral of x dm.
        

2)「何倍」の表現

 ・    We increased output by a factor of five.                                出力を5倍に  
 ・  If the mass of a weight is doubled in a spring, by what factor does the period change?          周期は何倍に?  
 ・  By what factor does the kinetic energy of a car change when its speed is tripled             運動エネルギーは何倍に?  
     
 ・  This rope is three times longer than that one.   =   This rope is three times as long as that o        あのロープより3倍長い  
 ・  How many times heavier is an elephant than a mous                           ネズミの体重の何倍か?  

3)図形

      

4)表の構成

             

表のタイトルは表の上側に書く。

5)グラフの構成

グラフなど図のタイトルは図の下側に書く。

6)文献

1.Anthony T. Tu、「科学英語実用ハンドブック」、化学同人(2008)